Pantomime rehearsal at Baupaume Jan 1918, © IWM Q8378 |
Recovering in hospital from a war wound, Canadian soldier Tom
Johnson wrote to his sweetheart,
What an awful job you will have to
make me into a dignified Methodist minister. For the last two days two nurses
have had to make a savage attack on me & my bed to get “that Canadian” out
before 7 am. But today I routed the enemy who had brought up a bowl of water to
sprinkle on me, by upsetting it in their hands with a crutch I had secreted
under my bedclothes in case of a raid at dawn. The man in the next bed & I
won a complete victory this time - they said it was “just like those Canadians.”*
Though he may have teased the nurses, Johnson made clear his
appreciation for the Canadian sisters at the hospital. Complimenting their
readiness to joke and laugh, he writes in the same letter, “I begin to think
that the gift of humor is as priceless as the gift of physical courage.”*
Soldiers responded to the deadly seriousness of the war with
humor that helped them to endure physical hardship, cope with psychological
trauma, and strengthen the bonds of comradeship. In his essay on Canadian soldiers’
humor in the Great War, historian Tim Cook writes,
Comedy and humour allowed for the
soldiers to exert some control over their wartime experience….In this war of
endurance, laughter was armour, the joke was a crutch, and the song was a
shield. Gentle or jagged, humour was
everywhere.”**
Humor even found its way into war poetry. Robert M. Eassie,
serving with the Canadian 5th Battalion, published his comic verse
in the 1917 volume Odes to Trifles. A
review appearing in
The Literary Digest proclaimed
that the author “must be the most cheerful man in all the Canadian Expeditionary
Forces,” for the “incurable optimist beguiles his time in the trenches by
bringing the Nursery Rimes up to date.”† Eassie’s book included twenty-four
parodies of children’s rhymes in the section titled “Rhymes from a New Nursery.”
Here are just two examples:
Reg Maurice WWI postcard |
Jack and Bill, they stuck it till
Their knees were under water;
Jack fell down, and said to Bill
Some words he didn’t oughter!
Fritzie-Witzie sat on a bomb,
Fritzie-Witzie went up pom-pom!
All Bill’s Herr Doktors and medicine men
Couldn’t put Fritzie together again!
Subverting the idealism of war-time heroics, the first poem laughs not only at the soldier’s obscenity-laden response to the discomforts
and indignities of the Western Front, but at the absurdity of moral codes that
condemn cursing while promoting killing. The second poem trivializes terror as it mocks death and dismemberment, the grisly realities of a battle zone littered with unburied and
unidentifiable human remains.
Odes to Trifles also
included an entire “Alphabet of Limericks.” Though its origins are uncertain, the
limerick's humor lies in its treatment of taboo subjects. Robert Eassie's examples delight in exposing wounds in unmentionable places
and soldiers’ sexual dalliances; heroism is best left to brave girls.
Donald McGill WWI postcard |
A
There was a young hero of Aire
Who was hit, but he couldn’t say where,
Till a comrade close by
Said, “Just sit down and try,”
And he did, and he shouted, “It’s there!”
N
There was a brave girl of Nieppe
Who was full of sand, ginger, and pep;
With Taube or Fokker
The Huns couldn’t shock her
And she’d smile when she spotted a Zepp!
O
There was a sweet thing at Olhain
There was a sweet thing at Olhain
Whose kisses were hard to obtain;
But, once they were snatched,
They couldn’t be matched
From the Salient down to the Aisne.
Donald McGill WWI postcard |
V
There was a young fellow of Vimy
Who said, “If my sweetheart could see me
Accepting the kisses
Of these here French misses,
I guess I would rather not be me!”
Cook's discussion of Canadian First World War humor argues, “Antiheroic
jokes were among the most transgressive forms of humour as they seemingly
undermined the patriotic and heroic discourse of the war,” as well as allowing soldiers
to “distance themselves from those at home, and reinforce the bonds that
strengthened their own insulated society.”° Perhaps the most shockingly
transgressive act, however, was responding to the war and its carnage with laughter. The
satirical cartoons of Bruce Bairnsfather, immensely popular with the soldiers
of the Great War, were initially criticized by many on the home front, including
a member of the British Parliament who condemned them as “vulgar caricatures of
our heroes.”
Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, and other great poets
of the war wrote of the pity of war, the horror, suffering, and sacrifice. But
soldiers also composed and shared rougher, ruder verses. A post-war collection of limericks (ignoring Irish
origins and contributions to the form) explained,
Limericks are as English as roast
beef; they, and they alone, possess that harmonious homely ring which warms our
hearts when we hear them repeated round the camp-fire. Whenever two or three of
our countrymen are gathered together in rough parts of the world, there you
will find these verses; it is limericks that keep the flag flying, that fill
you with a breath of old England in strange lands, and constitute one of the
strongest sentimental links binding our Colonies to the mother-country.°°
Canadian author Robert Eassie is likely to have laughed at
the sentiment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Thomas William Johnson, “My dear Lulu,” 11 October 1917, Canadian Letters and Images Project, www.canadianletters.ca/content/document-11797?position=47&list=3l9eP5vF0ZutKTj-Zunr4hNhAV-RI9EJH335xCXfAnI,
Accessed 27 Jan. 2018.
** Tim Cook, “‘I will meet the world with a smile and a joke,’
Canadian Soldiers’ Humour in the Great War,” Canadian Military Studies, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2015, p. 50.
† “Current Poetry,” Literary
Digest, Vol. 56, 30 March 1918, p. 42.
° Cook, “I will meet the world,” pp. 57-58.
°° Norman Douglas, “Introduction,” Some Limericks, Library of Alexandria, 1929.
Great post Connie. I love the way you tie together art and poetry with the horrors of war each time yet so differently. These poems and limericks are so special.
ReplyDeleteIt's so heartening to know that even in the most desperate of circumstances, there was laughter. Thanks for reading and commenting, Patty!
DeleteIn my 1918 reading, I've also enjoyed soldiers' humor, in prose, cartoons, and verse--usually more entertaining than what the professional humorists were turning out. This verse about the under-equipped cavalry, from a book of soldier poetry called "Rookie Rhymes," was quoted in the February 28, 1918 issue of Dial magazine:
ReplyDeleteThe Cavalry, the Cavalry, they haven't any horse,
They're taking riding lessons by a correspondence course,
You'd think they were equestrians to hear the way they talk,
But when it comes to riding, why! We always see them walk.
Oh, that's wonderful! ;)
DeleteThe latest Peter Jackson film illustrates the importance of having a laugh to survive the privations of the war. Laughter is a great medicine and it often was based on lampooning those in authority. The Wipers Times popularity is a great demonstration of the satirical tradition. A.P Herberts Shute poem is wonderfully funny. And of course, the concert party was a huge boost to morale and enjoyed by all ranks. Eton College had a tradition of dinner gatherings on the Western Front which featured all sorts of japes , bread roll fights etc with rank abandoned and privates and senior officers all joining in. Armies fight on their stomachs and no few belly laughs lso help
ReplyDeleteBread roll fights? How have I not heard of this before?!! Thanks for reading and commenting, Ian.
Delete