Edward Brittain, Roland Leighton, and Victor Richardson via First World War Poetry Digital Archive, http://ww1lit.nsms.ox.ac.uk/ww1lit/collections/item/1333 |
By late June of 1917, the Great War had dragged on for nearly 1,070 days, and there had been more death and suffering than anyone could have imagined when it began in August of 1914. Great Britain was approaching the first anniversary of the worst day in its military history: one year earlier, on July 1, 1916, the Battle of the Somme began; 19,240 British soldiers were killed on the first day alone.
In late spring of 1917, Voluntary Aid Detachment nurse Vera Brittain resigned
from her duties and returned from Malta to nurse Victor Richardson, a close
friend of her brother and of her dead fiancé, Roland Leighton. Together, the men were known as "the three Musketeers." Richardson had
been blinded and disfigured from wounds received in an attack on Arras on April 9 of 1917; Vera was planning to marry him and serve as his
caretaker for life. Before they were wed, his injuries worsened, and Victor
Richardson died on June 9, 1917. Brittain’s short poem “Sic
Transit” was written shortly after.*
Sic Transit
—V.R., died
of wounds, 2nd London General Hospital, Chelsea, June 9th, 1917
I am so tired.
The dying sun incarnadines the West,
And every window with its gold is fired,
And all I loved the best
Is gone, and every good that I desired
Passes away, an idle hopeless quest;
Even the Highest whereto I aspired
Has vanished with the rest.
I am so tired.
The dying sun incarnadines the West,
And every window with its gold is fired,
And all I loved the best
Is gone, and every good that I desired
Passes away, an idle hopeless quest;
Even the Highest whereto I aspired
Has vanished with the rest.
I am so tired.
—London, June 1917
The poem’s title
alludes to the Latin phrase “Sic transit gloria
mundi” (Thus passes the glory of the world), a reference to the fleeting
brevity of life. Brittain’s abbreviated poem restricts itself to the use of
only two repeated rhymes. While in films and video games, war is often portrayed
as an adrenaline rush of action, “Sic Transit” aches with numb exhaustion.
Vera Brittain |
The Great War fed
on youth and dreams; it devoured hope and sapped energy. Victor Richardson was
twenty-two when he died; Vera Brittain was twenty-three when she found herself mourning the death of yet another friend killed in battle. Shortly after learning of Victor’s injuries,
she had recorded in her diary, “I no longer expect things to go well for me; I
don’t know that I even ask that they shall. All I ask is that I may fulfil my
own small weary part in this War in such a way as to be worthy of Them, who die
& suffer pain.”**
-------------------------------------------------------
*I am indebted
to A
Century Back for its insightful commentary on the circumstances surrounding
the writing of the poem.
**Chronicle of Youth, excerpt from entry
for April 18, 1917.
What a heartbreaking poem. And the use of 'incarnadine', evoking for me at least the memory of Macbeth saying that the blood on his hands will turn the green sea red if he tries to wash off the blood.
ReplyDeleteIs there a word that suggests both beauty and heartbreak? If so, it would be used to describe this poem. Thanks for reading, Tom - and lovely insights on "incarnadine."
DeleteA terrible beauty
DeleteI just finished reading "Testament of Youth" and the "Verses of a V.A.D." and only wish I had read them long ago. Thank you for providing the additional context for this piece. I can't say enough how profoundly I have been moved by Vera Brittain's writing. What a remarkable woman.
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ReplyDeleteThank you for reminding me of this poem. I love VBs work and have taught TOY many times. I always enjoy your knowledgeable selections of poems from this era.
ReplyDeleteThanks so very much. Bloomsbury will be publishing my edited anthology later this year; I hope you and your students find it useful.
DeleteVictor Richardson trained for a short time here at Ingatestone, Essex at the Southern Army Bombing School (trench warfare tactics) during July 1916. I am taking a walking group around Mill Green Common on Friday evening where these activities took place and where you can still see signs of the trench network/dug-outs created.
ReplyDeleteThat will be a wonderful tour, I'm sure; thank you for honouring his memory.
DeleteEven though I love Vera's Testament of Youth, to me the letter correspondence Letters from a Lost Generation, from which Testament was distilled is even of far greater impact. As Vera's tragedy unfolds, and with the successie deaths of Roland (Leighton) het brother Edward, Geoffrey Thurlow and Victor, one wonders at the human resilience with which one suffers utmost pain, then carries on.
ReplyDeleteThe many good things her war brought about were her subsequent devotion as a nurse, her political stance, her feminism and her pacifism. By 1939, Vera was the person who her nation turned to when the Nazi threat was upon it. And small wonder her daughter Shirley Williams was later to emerge as leader of the British LibDems. She owed it to her mother.
Thanks for sharing, Chris
ReplyDelete